你所不知道的5个乘车危害

Commuting is rarely anyone’s favorite time of day, but it can be more than just an inconvenience: All those hours spent in home-work limbo can have physical and mental health implications,as well.
　　想必几乎没有人觉得坐公交上下班是一天中快乐的时光，但也许不仅仅是因为不便利：所有这些花在介于家里和工作之间的时间也许会给你的身心带来影响。
　　It may contribute to weight gain会让你增肥
　　A 2012 study published in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine found that the farther Texas residents commuted every day, the more likely they were to be overweight. Unsurprisingly, the farthest commuters were also less likely to get the recommended amount of daily physical activity. “It’s not so easy to move or change your job, so if you do have a long commute it’s important that you make a bigger effort to be active during the day,” says lead study author Christine Hoehner, PhD.
　　一个2012年出版在预防医药美国日志的研究发现，德克萨斯州的居民每天乘坐公交上下班的距离越远，他们就越容易发胖。这一点也不奇怪，坐最远车程的人是最没可能去保证每天建议的运动量的。研究的领头创始人说：”更换你的工作并不容易，所以如果你要坐很长的车程，你需要花更多努力在每天增加运动量，这是很重要的。”
　　It’s a pain in the neck – literally这简直是个讨厌的事情
　　A third of people with commutes of more than 90 minutes say they deal with ongoing neck and back pain, according to a 2010 Gallup poll. While back pain is one of the most common health complaints, only one in four people who commute 10 minutes or less reported pain in the same poll.
　　根据2010年盖洛普民意测验，三分之一要坐超过90分钟车程的人表示他们要承受持续的脖子痛后背痛。尽管背痛是其中一个最普遍的健康困扰，但这个小测验反映出，车程在10分钟及以下的人群中，只有四分之一的人有这个困扰。
　　But making an effort to sit up straight -- with a lumbar support behind your lower back -- can help you reverse bad habits.
　　但试着坐直——在后背腰部垫一个支撑物——能让你改善这些坏习惯。
　　It affects your mood它会影响你的心情
　　People who drove, carpooled, or took public transportation to work were less able to enjoy daily activities and had more trouble concentrating compared to walkers or cyclists in a 2014 study from the University of East Anglia.
　　来自东安格利亚大学一项2014年的研究表明，相比于步行者和骑车者，开车或者搭车或者乘坐公共交通工具去上班的人有更少的机会去享受日常活动，也更难集中注意力。
　　But for walkers, the opposite held true: Those who traveled farther to work on foot had better mental health scores.
　　但对于步行者来说，反之是更有利的：那些步行更远距离去工作的人能获得更好的心理健康。
　　It stresses you out它使你过度劳累
　　People who commute by private car (no matter how long the trip) -- or those whose trips lasted longer than 30 minutes by train, bus or on foot -- had higher anxiety levelscompared to people who made shorter trips, according to a 2014 report from the U.K.’s Office of National Statistics.
　　根据2014年英国国家统计局的一份报告，那些开私家车上下班(不管路途多长)——或者那些坐火车、公交或步行超过30分钟的人——相比于路途更短的人会更容易产生焦虑情绪。
　　It exposes you to more pollution它让你更容易受到污染
　　In a 2007 study of Los Angeles residents, up to half of their exposure to harmful air pollution occurred while they traveled in their vehicles. Driving with the windows up, using recirculated air and driving slower than 20 miles per hour can reduce exposure, say the study authors, but not as much as cutting back on driving time.
　　在2007年对洛杉矶居民的研究中，他们受到的有害空气污染一半发生在他们使用交通工具的时候。研究者说，开车的时候打开车窗，使用再循环空气，开车速度小于20公里每小时可以减少这种污染，而并不是说要大家尽可能缩减开车时间。

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